Ribeiro, L. A., G. Puorto, and M. T. Jorge. 1999. Bites by the colubrid snake Philodryas olfersii: a clinical and epidemiological study of 43 cases. Toxicon 37(6):943-948. Report generally mild effects - local inflammation, etc., no evidence clotting abnormality; find no supporting information earlier fatal case; most bites daytime, warmer months, hands.

Prado-Franceschi, J., S. Hyslop, J. C. Cogo, A. L. Andrade, M. T. Assakura, A. P. Reichl, M. A. Cruz-Höfling, and L. Rodrigues-Simioni. 1998. Characterization of a myotoxin from the Duvernoy's gland secretion of the xenodontine colubrid Philodryas olfersii (green snake): effects on striated muscle and the neuromuscular junction. Toxicon 36(10):1407-1421. Report toxin single chain polypeptide, causes release creatine kinase, partial lysis muscle cells, partially blocks potassium-evoked contractures; extensive review, discussion.

de Araújo, M. E. and A. C. dos Santos. 1997. Cases of human envenomation caused by Philodryas olfersii and Philodryas patagoniensis (Serpentes: Colubridae). Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 30(6):517-519. Report two cases - pain, prolonged edema hand to axilla (additionally ecchymoses, suppuration P. olfersii); discuss controversy treatment Philodryas snakebite with anti-botropic serum.

Gonçalves, L. R. C., N. Yamanouye, G. B. Nuñez-Burgos, M. F. D. Furtado, L. R. G. Britto, and J. Nicolau. 1997. Detection of calcium-binding proteins in venom and Duvernoy's glands of South American snakes and their secretions. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 118C(2):207-211. Report calcium-binding proteins Duvernoy's gland extracts Phylodryas patagoniensis, Oxyrhopus trigeminus; discuss role, use in understanding evolution venomous snakes.

Fan, H. W. and J. L. Cardoso. 1995. Clinical toxicology of snake bites in South America. Chap. 31, Pp. 667-688. In J. Meier and J. White (editors), Handbook of Clinical Toxicology of Animal Venoms and Poisons. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 752 pp. Review toxinology Philodryas, Clelia; provide records 'non envenimation' snakebite, five colubrid genera, Hospital Vital Brazil.

Fowler, I. R. and M. G. Salomão. 1994. Activity patterns in the colubrid snake genus Philodryas and their relationship to reproduction and snakebite. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 29(10):229-232. Report "unimodal summer peak...incidence...snakebite" Brazil - P. patagoniensis (highest number cases), P. olfersii (intermediate), P. aestivus (lowest); note P. olfersii bites "more highly serious."

Marsh, N. 1994. Inventory of haemorrhagic factors from snake venoms. Thrombosis and Haemostasis 71(6):793-797. Lists Malpolon monspessulanus, Philodryas olfersii; notes haemorrhagic toxins typically do not produce clotting.

Kuch, U. and U. Jesberger. 1993. Human envenomation from the bite of the South American colubrid snake species Philodrayas baroni Berg, 1895. The Snake 25(1):63-65. Report localized pain, edema, petachiae, ecchymosis, "red lymphatic line" extending to axilla; review literature (1916-) snakebite Philodryas; recommend caution.

Argôlo, A.J.S. & M.A. de Freitas. 2002. Geographic Distribution. Philodryas aestivus. Herpetol. Rev., 33(3): 229.

Arzamendia, V. 1999. Geographic Distribution. Philodryas baroni. Herpetol. Rev., 30(1): 55.

Avila, L.J. 1996. Geographic Distribution. Philodryas aestivus subcarinatus. Herpetol. Rev., 27(3): 154.

Boulenger, G.A. 1902. Descriptions of new Fishes and Reptiles discovered by Dr. F. Silvestri in South America. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (7)9(52): 284-288.

Fowler, I.R. & M.d.G. Salomão. 1994. A study of sexual dimorphism in six species from the colubrid snake genus Philodryas. Snake, 26(2): 117-122

Fowler, I.R., M.d.G. Salomão & R. dos S. Jordão. 1998 (1999). A description of the female reproductive cycle in four species from the neotropica; colubrid snake Philodryas (Colubridae, Xenodontidae). The Snake, 28(1-2): 71-78.

Girard, C. 1858(1857). Descriptions of some new Reptiles, collected by the U.S. Exploring Expedition, under the command of Capt. Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. Third Part. – Including the species of Ophidians, exotic to North America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1857: 181-182.

Hartdegen, R.W. & K.C. Gamble. 2002. Phillodryas baroni baroni. Endoparasitism. Herpetol. Rev., 33(2): 141.

Kuch, U. 1999. Notes on two cases of human envenomation by the South American colubrid snakes Philodryas olfersii latirostris Cope, 1862 and Philodryas chamissonis (Wiegmann, 1834) (Squamata: Serpentes: Colubridae). Herpetozoa, 12(1/2): 11-16.

Peters, J.A. & B. Orejas-Miranda. 1970. Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata. Part I. Snakes. Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 297: 1-347.

Vanzolini, P.E. 1986. Addenda and Corrigenda to Part I Snakes. In: Peters, J.A., R. Donoso-Barros & B. Orejas-Miranda (eds.). Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata. Smithsonian Herp. Info. Serv., 70: 1-26.